mmcli man page

mmcli - Control and monitor the ModemManager

mmcli [OPTION...]

ModemManager is a DBus-powered Linux daemon which provides a unified high level API for communicating with (mobile broadband) modems. It acts as a standard RIL (Radio Interface Layer) and may be used by different connection managers, like NetworkManager. Thanks to the built-in plugin architecture, ModemManager talks to very different kinds of modems with very different kinds of ports. In addition to the standard AT serial ports, Qualcomm-based QCDM and QMI ports are also supported.

-h, --help Show summary of options by group.

--help-all Show all groups and options.

--help-manager Show manager specific options.

--help-common Show common options. These are used for defining the device an option operates on. For example, modems, bearers, SIMs, SMS', etc.

--help-modem Show modem specific options.

--help-3gpp Show 3GPP specific options.

--help-cdma Show CDMA specific options.

--help-simple Show simple options. These are useful for getting connected or disconnected and understanding the state of things as fast as possible without worrying so much about the details.

--help-location Show location or positioning specific options.

--help-messaging Show messaging specific options. See also --help-sms which is related.

--help-time Show time specific options.

--help-firmware Show firmware specific options.

--help-oma Show OMA specific options.

--help-sim Show SIM card specific options.

--help-bearer Show bearer specific options.

--help-sms Show SMS specific options. See also --help-messaging which is related.

-B, --get-daemon-version Retrieve the version of the currently running ModemManager daemon.

-G, --set-logging=[ERR|WARN|INFO|DEBUG] Set the logging level in ModemManager daemon. For debugging information you can supply DEBUG. Each value above DEBUG provides less detail. In most cases ERR (for displaying errors) are the important messages.

The default mode is ERR.

-L, --list-modems List available modems.

-M, --monitor-modems List available modems and monitor modems added or removed.

-S, --scan-modems Scan for any potential new modems. This is only useful when expecting pure RS232 modems, as they are not notified automatically by the kernel.

-I, --inhibit-device=[UID] Inhibit the specific device from being used by ModemManager. The UID that should be given is the value of the Device property exposed by a given modem (i.e. equal to the ID_MM_PHYSDEV_UID if one set, or otherwise equal to the full device sysfs path).

This command will not exit right away, as that would implicitly remove the inhibition. The user must make sure to stop the mmcli process hitting Ctrl+C in order to un-inhibit the device.

When a device is inhibited via this method, ModemManager will disable the modem (therefore stopping any ongoing connection) and will no longer use it until it is uninhibited.

--report-kernel-event=['KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2,...'] Manually report kernel events, instead of relying on udev (e.g. if the daemon is running with --no-auto-scan or if the system was built without udev support).

The supported KEYs are:

'action' Action to report, one of 'add' or 'remove'. Required.

'subsystem' Subsystem of the specific port being reported, e.g. 'tty' (for serial ports), 'net' (for network interfaces), or 'usbmisc' (for cdc-wdm ports)..

'name' Name of the port being reported, e.g. 'ttyACM0', 'wwan0' or 'cdc-wdm0'.

'uid' The specific UID of the device, equivalent to the ID_MM_PHYSDEV_UID udev tag. All ports reported with the same 'UID' value will be considered part of the same device, which may be useful for e.g. modems with multiple platform TTYs.

--report-kernel-event-auto-scan When built with udev support but the daemon is running with --no-auto-scan, this method may be used to automatically report kernel events based on udev.

This command will not exit right away. The user must make sure to stop the mmcli process hitting Ctrl+C in order to stopping monitoring for new events.

All options below take a PATH or INDEX argument. If no action is provided, the default information about the modem, bearer, etc. is shown instead.

The PATH and INDEX are created automatically when the modem is plugged in. They can be found using mmcli -L. This produces something like (for modems only):

Found 1 modems:   /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Modem/4

In this case, the INDEX is 4 and the PATH is the entire string above.

However, for the bearers, SIMs and SMS cases, the PATH is slightly different. The Modem is replaced with the object name in use, like Bearer. For example:

/org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/4

-m, --modem=[PATH|INDEX] Specify a modem.

-b, --bearer=[PATH|INDEX] Specify a bearer.

-i, --sim=[PATH|INDEX] Specify a SIM card.

-s, --sms=[PATH|INDEX] Specify an SMS.

All of the modem options below make use of the --modem or -m switch to specify the modem to act on.

Some operations require a MODE. MODE can be any combination of the modes actually supported by the modem. In the perfect case, the following are possible:

  '2G' - 2G technologies, e.g. EDGE, CDMA1x   '3G' - 3G technologies, e.g. HSPA, EV-DO   '4G' - 4G technologies, e.g. LTE   'ANY' - for all supported modes.

-w, --monitor-state Monitor the state of a given modem.

-e, --enable Enable a given modem.

This powers the antenna, starts the automatic registration process and in general prepares the modem to be connected.

-d, --disable Disable a given modem.

This disconnects the existing connection(s) for the modem and puts it into a low power mode.

-r, --reset Resets the modem to the settings it had when it was power cycled.

--factory-reset=CODE Resets the modem to its original factory default settings.

The CODE provided is vendor specific. Without the correct vendor code, it's unlikely this operation will succeed. This is not a common user action.

--command=COMMAND Send an AT COMMAND to the given modem. For example, COMMAND could be 'AT+GMM' to probe for phone model information. This operation is only available when ModemManager is run in debug mode.

--create-bearer=['KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2,...'] Create a new packet data bearer for a given modem. The KEYs and some VALUEs are listed below:

'apn' Access Point Name. Required in 3GPP.

'ip-type' Addressing type. Given as a MMBearerIpFamily value (e.g. 'ipv4', 'ipv6', 'ipv4v6'). Optional in 3GPP and CDMA.

'allowed-auth' Authentication method to use. Given as a MMBearerAllowedAuth value (e.g. 'none|pap|chap|mschap|mschapv2|eap'). Optional in 3GPP.

'user' User name (if any) required by the network. Optional in 3GPP.

'password' Password (if any) required by the network. Optional in 3GPP.

'allow-roaming' Flag to tell whether connection is allowed during roaming, given as a boolean value (i.e 'yes' or 'no'). Optional in 3GPP.

'rm-protocol' Protocol of the Rm interface, given as a MMModemCdmaRmProtocol value (e.g. 'async', 'packet-relay', 'packet-network-ppp', 'packet-network-slip', 'stu-iii'). Optional in CDMA.

'number' Telephone number to dial. Required in POTS.

--delete-bearer=[PATH|INDEX] Delete bearer from a given modem.

--set-allowed-modes=[MODE1|MODE2|...] Set allowed modes for a given modem. For possible modes, see the beginning of this section.

--set-preferred-mode=MODE Set the preferred MODE for the given modem. The MODE MUST be one of the allowed modes as set with the --set-allowed-modes option. Possible MODE arguments are detailed at the beginning of this section.

--set-current-bands=[BAND1|BAND2|...] Set bands to be used for a given modem. These are frequency ranges the modem should use. There are quite a number of supported bands and listing them all here would be quite extensive. For details, see the MMModemBand documentation.

An example would be: 'egsm|dcs|pcs|g850' to select all the GSM frequency bands.

--set-primary-sim-slot=[SLOT] Request to switch the primary SIM slot.

The given SLOT must be a valid slot number in the [1,N] range, where N is the amount of SIM slots available in the system.

--inhibit Inhibit the specific modem from being used by ModemManager. This method is completely equivalent to --inhibit-device, with the only difference being that in this case, the modem must be managed by the daemon at the time the inhibition is requested.

This command will not exit right away, as that would implicitly remove the inhibition. The user must make sure to stop the mmcli process hitting Ctrl+C in order to un-inhibit the device.

When a device is inhibited via this method, ModemManager will disable the modem (therefore stopping any ongoing connection) and will no longer use it until it is uninhibited.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations. These options pertain to devices which support 3GPP.

Included are options to control USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) sessions.

All of the 3GPP options below make use of the --modem or -m switch to specify the modem to act on.

--3gpp-scan Scan for available 3GPP networks.

--3gpp-register-home Request a given modem to register in its home network.

This registers with the default network(s) specified by the modem,

--3gpp-register-in-operator=MCCMNC Request a given modem to register on the network of the given MCCMNC (Mobile Country Code, Mobile Network Code) based operator. This code is used for GSM/LTE, CDMA, iDEN, TETRA and UMTS public land mobile networks and some satellite mobile networks. The ITU-T Recommendation E.212 defines mobile country codes.

--3gpp-ussd-status Request the status of ANY ongoing USSD session.

--3gpp-ussd-initiate=COMMAND Request the given modem to initiate a USSD session with COMMAND.

For example, COMMAND could be '*101#' to give your current pre-pay balance.

--3gpp-ussd-respond=RESPONSE When initiating an USSD session, a RESPONSE may be needed by a network-originated request. This option allows for that.

--3gpp-ussd-cancel Cancel an ongoing USSD session for a given modem.

All CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) options require the --modem or -m option.

--cdma-activate=CARRIER Activate the given modem using OTA (Over the Air) settings. The CARRIER is a code provided by the network for the default settings they provide.

All simple options must be used with --modem or -m.

--simple-connect=['KEY1=VALUE1,KEY2=VALUE2,...'] Run a full connection sequence using KEY / VALUE pairs. You can use the --create-bearer options, plus any of the following ones:

'pin' SIM-PIN unlock code.

'operator-id' ETSI MCC-MNC of a network to force registration.

--simple-disconnect Disconnect ALL connected bearers for a given modem.

These options detail how to discover your location using Global Positioning System (GPS) or directly from your mobile network infrastructure (either 3GPP or 3GPP2).

All location options must be used with --modem or -m.

--location-status Show the current status for discovering our location.

--location-get Show all location information available.

--location-enable-3gpp Enable location discovery using the 3GPP network.

--location-disable-3gpp Disable location discovery using the 3GPP network.

--location-enable-agps-msa Enable A-GPS (MSA) support. This command does not implicitly start the GPS engine, it just specifies that A-GPS should be enabled when the engine is started. Therefore, the user should request enabling A-GPS before the raw or NMEA outputs are enabled with --location-enable-gps-raw or --location-enable-gps-nmea.

--location-disable-agps-msa Disable A-GPS (MSA) support.

--location-enable-agps-msb Enable A-GPS (MSB) support. This command does not implicitly start the GPS engine, it just specifies that A-GPS should be enabled when the engine is started. Therefore, the user should request enabling A-GPS before the raw or NMEA outputs are enabled with --location-enable-gps-raw or --location-enable-gps-nmea.

--location-disable-agps-msb Disable A-GPS (MSB) support.

--location-enable-gps-nmea Enable location discovery using GPS and reported with NMEA traces.

This command will start the GPS engine, if it isn't started already.

--location-disable-gps-nmea Disable location discovery using GPS and NMEA traces.

If the raw output is not enabled at the same time, the GPS engine will be stopped.

--location-enable-gps-raw Enable location discovery using GPS and reported with raw (i.e. longitude/latitude) values.

This command will start the GPS engine, if it isn't started already.

--location-disable-gps-raw Disable location discovery using GPS and raw values.

If the NMEA output is not enabled at the same time, the GPS engine will be stopped.

--location-enable-cdma-bs Enable location discovery using the 3GPP2 network.

--location-disable-cdma-bs Disable location discovery using the 3GPP2 network.

--location-enable-gps-unmanaged Enable location discovery using GPS but without taking control of the NMEA tty port. This allows other programs, e.g. gpsd, to use the NMEA tty once the GPS engine has been enabled.

--location-disable-gps-unmanaged Disable location discovery using GPS and unmanaged port.

--location-set-gps-refresh-rate=SEC Set the location refresh rate on the DBus interface to SEC seconds. If set to 0, the new location is published on the DBus interface as soon as ModemManager detects it.

--location-set-supl-server=[IP:PORT] or --location-set-supl-server=[FQDN:PORT] Configure the location of the A-GPS SUPL server, either specifying the IP address (IP:PORT) or specifyng a fully qualified domain name ([FQDN:PORT]).

--location-inject-assistance-data=[PATH] Inject assistance data into the GNSS module, loaded from a local file at PATH. The assistance data should be in a format expected by the device, e.g. downloaded from the URLs exposed by the 'AssistanceDataServers' property.

--location-set-enable-signal Enable reporting location updates via DBus property signals. This is required if applications rely on listening to 'Location' property updates, instead of explicit queries with the policy-protected 'GetLocation' method.

This DBus property signal updates are by default disabled.

--location-set-disable-signal Disable reporting location updates via DBus property signals.

All messaging options must be used with --modem or -m.

--messaging-status Show the status of the messaging support.

--messaging-list-sms List SMS messages available on a given modem.

--messaging-create-sms=['KEY1=VALUE1,...'] Create a new SMS on a given modem. KEYs can be any of the following:

'number'  Number to which the message is addressed.

'text' Message text, in UTF-8. When sending, if the text is larger than the limit of the technology or modem, the message will be broken into multiple parts or messages. Note that text and data are never given at the same time.

'smsc' Indicates the SMS service center number.

'validity' Specifies when the SMS expires in the SMSC.

'class' 3GPP message class (0..3).

'delivery-report-request' Specifies whether delivery report is requested when sending the SMS ('yes' or 'no')

'storage' Specifies the storage where this message is kept. Storages may be 'sm', 'me', 'mt', 'sr', 'bm', 'ta'.

--messaging-create-sms-with-data=PATH Use PATH to a filename as the data to create a new SMS.

--messaging-delete-sms=[PATH|INDEX] Delete an SMS from a given modem.

All time operations require the --modem or -m option.

--time Display the current network time from the operator. This includes the timezone which is usually of importance.

All voice operations require the --modem or -m option.

--voice-list-calls List calls managed (initiated, received, ongoing) on a given modem.

--voice-create-call=['KEY1=VALUE1,...'] Create a new outgoing call on a given modem. KEYs can be any of the following:

'number' Number to call.

--voice-delete-call=[PATH|INDEX] Delete a call from a given modem.

All firmware options require the --modem or -m option.

--firmware-status Show firmware update specific details and properties.

--firmware-list List all the firmware images installed on a given modem.

--firmware-select=ID Select a firmware image from those installed on a given modem. A list of available firmware images can be seen using the --firmware-list option.

The ID provided is a UNIQUE identifier for the firmware.

All signal options require the --modem or -m option.

--signal-setup=[Rate] Setup extended signal quality information retrieval at the specified rate (in seconds).

By default this is disabled (rate set to 0).

--signal-get Retrieve the last extended signal quality information loaded.

All OMA options require the --modem or -m option.

--oma-status Show the status of the OMA device management subsystem.

--oma-start-client-initiated-session=[SESSION TYPE] Request to start a client initiated session.

The given session type must be one of:  'client-initiated-device-configure'  'client-initiated-prl-update'  'client-initiated-hands-free-activation'

--oma-accept-network-initiated-session=[SESSION ID] Request to accept a network initiated session.

--oma-reject-network-initiated-session=[SESSION ID] Request to reject a network initiated session.

--oma-cancel-session Request to cancel current OMA session, if any.

--pin=PIN Send PIN code to a given SIM card.

--puk=PUK Send PUK code to a given SIM card. This must be used WITH --pin.

--enable-pin Enable PIN request for a given SIM card. This must be used WITH --pin.

--disable-pin Disable PIN request for a given SIM card. This must be used WITH --pin.

--change-pin=PIN Change the PIN for a given SIM card. It will be set to PIN. This must be used WITH --pin to supply the old PIN number.

All bearer options require the --bearer or -b option.

-c, --connect Connect to a given bearer.

-x, --disconnect Disconnect from a given bearer.

All SMS options require the --sms or -s option.

--send Send an SMS.

--store This option will store the SMS in the default storage defined by the modem, which may be either modem-memory or SMS-memory. To know what the existing default storage is, see the --messaging-status option.

--store-in-storage=STORAGE This option states which STORAGE to use for SMS messages. Possible values for STORAGE include:

'sm' SIM card storage area.

'me' Mobile equipment storage area.

'mt' Sum of SIM and Mobile equipment storages

'sr' Status report message storage area.

'bm' Broadcast message storage area.

'ta' Terminal adaptor message storage area.

--create-file-with-data\=PATH This option takes an SMS that has DATA (not TEXT) and will create a local file described by PATH and store the content of the SMS there.

--start Initiate an outgoing call.

--accept Accept an incoming call.

--hangup Reject an incoming call or hangup an ongoing one.

--send-dtmf=[0-9A-D*#] Send a DTMF sequence through an ongoing call.

-K, --output-keyvalue Run action with machine-friendly key-value output, to be used e.g. by shell scripts that rely on mmcli operations.

-v, --verbose Perform actions with more details reported and/or logged.

-V, --version Returns the version of this program.

-a, --async Use asynchronous methods. This is purely a development tool and has no practical benefit to most user operations.

--timeout=SECONDS Use SECONDS for the timeout when performing operations with this command. This option is useful when executing long running operations, like --3gpp-scan.

You'll need first to know which the proper path/index is for the SIM in your modem:

  $ mmcli -m 0 -K | grep "modem.generic.sim" | awk -F ": " '{ print $2 }'   /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SIM/0

And after that, you can just use the SIM index:

  $ sudo mmcli -i 0 --pin=1234   successfully sent PIN code to the SIM

You can launch the simple connection process like:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --simple-connect="pin=1234,apn=internet"   successfully connected the modem

Then, you can disconnect it like:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --simple-disconnect   successfully disconnected all bearers in the modem

Scanning for 3GPP networks may really take a long time, so a specific timeout must be given:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --3gpp-scan --timeout=300   ---------------------   3GPP scan | networks: 21403 - Orange SP (gprs, unknown)   | 21407 - Movistar (gprs, unknown)   | 21404 - YOIGO (gprs, unknown)   | 21401 - vodafone ES (gprs, unknown)

Using the “sm” (SIM), you can do this using:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --messaging-create-sms="text='Hello world',number='+1234567890'"   Successfully created new SMS:   /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SMS/21 (unknown)

  $ sudo mmcli -s 21 --store-in-storage="sm"   successfully stored the SMS

  $ sudo mmcli -s 21   -------------------------------   General | dbus path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SMS/21   -------------------------------   Content | number: +1234567890   | text: Hello world   -------------------------------   Properties | PDU type: submit   | state: stored   | smsc: unknown   | validity: 0   | class: 0   | storage: sm   | delivery report: not requested   | message reference: 0

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --messaging-status   ----------------------------   Messaging | supported storages: sm, me   | default storage: me

As you can see below, the important part is the --messaging-create-sms-with-data and the PATH provided.

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 \   --messaging-create-sms="number='+1234567890'" \   --messaging-create-sms-with-data=/path/to/your/file   Successfully created new SMS:   /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SMS/22 (unknown)

  $ sudo mmcli -s 22 --send   successfully sent the SMS

When the receiver gets all the parts of the message, they can now recover the sent file with another mmcli command in their ModemManager setup:

  $> sudo mmcli -m 0 --messaging-list-sms   /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/SMS/0 (received)

  $> sudo mmcli -s 0 --create-file-with-data=/path/to/the/output/file

You first need to check whether the modem has GPS-specific location capabilities. Note that we’ll assume the modem is exposed as index 0; if you have more than one modem, just use --list-modems to check the proper modem index:

  $ mmcli -m 0 --location-status   ----------------------------   Location | capabilities: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea   | enabled: none   | signals: no

The output says that the modem supports 3GPP Location area code/Cell ID, GPS raw and GPS-NMEA location sources. None is enabled yet, as we didn’t enable the modem, which we can do issuing:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --enable   successfully enabled the modem

  $ mmcli -m 0 --location-status   ----------------------------   Location | capabilities: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea   | enabled: 3gpp-lac-ci   | signals: no

We can start the GPS engine by enabling the RAW or NMEA GPS location sources:

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 \   --location-enable-gps-raw \   --location-enable-gps-nmea   successfully setup location gathering

If we do check again the status, we’ll see the GPS-specific locations are enabled:

  $ mmcli -m 0 --location-status   --------------------------------   Location | capabilities: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea   | enabled: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea   | signals: no

You can query all location information at the same time with a single command. If any of the specific outputs is not available, the corresponding section will be omitted from the output.

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-get   -------------------------   3GPP location | Mobile country code: 214   | Mobile network code: 3   | Location area code: 21071   | Cell ID: 7033737   -------------------------   GPS NMEA traces | $GPGGA,,,,,,0,,,,,,,,*66   | $GPRMC,,V,,,,,,,,,,N*53   | $GPGSA,A,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,*1E   | $GPGSV,4,1,16,24,,,,29,,,,05,,,,18,,,*7A   | $GPGSV,4,2,16,22,,,,14,,,,11,,,,17,,,*7B   | $GPGSV,4,3,16,03,,,,12,,,,30,,,,13,,,*78   | $GPGSV,4,4,16,23,,,,15,,,,27,,,,07,,,*79   | $GPVTG,,T,,M,,N,,K,N*2C

If A-GPS is enabled before starting the GPS engine, and if a data connection is available in the modem, the configured SUPL servers may be used to obtain a faster initial position fix.

Note that the GPS engine will not be started when just A-GPS capability is enabled. An explicit output (RAW or NMEA) is required to be enabled in order to start the GPS engine.

  $ mmcli -m 0 --location-status   --------------------------------   Location | capabilities: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea, agps-msa, agps-msb   | enabled: 3gpp-lac-ci   | signals: no   -----------------------------   GPS | refresh rate: 30 seconds   | a-gps supl server: supl.google.com:7276

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-enable-agps-msa   successfully setup location gathering

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-enable-gps-nmea   successfully setup location gathering

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-enable-gps-raw   successfully setup location gathering

If the modem device does not have an ongoing connection (e.g. no mobile network coverage) but the system has other means to access the Internet (e.g. WiFi), the user may be able to download location assistance data and inject it in the module.

E.g. If the device supports XTRA assistance data, the user may download it from one of the servers listed by ModemManager and manually inject it afterwards. The XTRA assistance data is usually valid for several days.

  $ mmcli -m 0 --location-status   --------------------------------   Location | capabilities: 3gpp-lac-ci, gps-raw, gps-nmea, agps-msa, agps-msb   | enabled: 3gpp-lac-ci   | signals: no   --------------------------------   GPS | refresh rate: 30 seconds   | a-gps supl server: supl.google.com:7276   | supported assistance: xtra   | assistance servers: https://xtrapath3.izatcloud.net/xtra3grcej.bin   | https://xtrapath1.izatcloud.net/xtra3grcej.bin   | https://xtrapath2.izatcloud.net/xtra3grcej.bin

  $ wget -q https://xtrapath3.izatcloud.net/xtra3grcej.bin

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-inject-assistance-data=./xtra3grcej.bin   successfully injected assistance data

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-enable-gps-nmea   successfully setup location gathering

  $ sudo mmcli -m 0 --location-enable-gps-raw   successfully setup location gathering

Writing shell scripts that use mmcli to perform operations with the modem is easy when using the --output-keyvalue option. For example, you could gather all the main status information of the modem with a single call and then parse it to read single fields:

  $ STATUS=$(mmcli -m 0 --output-keyvalue)   $ echo "${STATUS}" | grep "modem.generic.state " | awk -F ": " '{ print $2 }'   failed   $ echo "${STATUS}" | grep "modem.generic.state-failed-reason " | awk -F ": " '{ print $2 }'   sim-missing

Written by Martyn Russell <martyn@lanedo.com> and Aleksander Morgado <aleksander@aleksander.es>

ModemManager(8), NetworkManager(8)

AT (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT_commands).

3GPP (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP).

MCCMNC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Network_Code).

USSD (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstructured_Supplementary_Service_Data).

CDMA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access).

OTA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over-the-air_programming).

GPS (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System)

NMEA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMEA_0183)