systemd.dnssd — DNS-SD configuration
network_service.dnssd
DNS-SD setup is performed by systemd-resolved(8).
The main network service file must have the extension .dnssd; other
extensions are ignored.
The .dnssd files are read from the files located in the system network
directories /usr/lib/systemd/dnssd and
/usr/local/lib/systemd/dnssd, the volatile runtime network directory
/run/systemd/dnssd and the local administration network directory
/etc/systemd/dnssd. All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in
lexical order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with identical filenames
replace each other. Files in /etc/ have the highest priority, files in
/run/ take precedence over files with the same name in
/usr/lib/. This can be used to override a system-supplied configuration file with a
local file if needed.
Along with the network service file foo.dnssd, a "drop-in" directory
foo.dnssd.d/ may exist. All files with the suffix
".conf" from this directory will be parsed after the file itself is
parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration settings, without having to modify the main
configuration file. Each drop-in file must have appropriate section headers.
In addition to /etc/systemd/dnssd, drop-in ".d" directories
can be placed in /usr/lib/systemd/dnssd or /run/systemd/dnssd
directories. Drop-in files in /etc/ take precedence over those in
/run/ which in turn take precedence over those in /usr/lib/ or
/usr/local/lib. Drop-in files under any of these directories take precedence over
the main network service file wherever located.
The network service file contains a [Service] section, which specifies a discoverable network service announced in a local network with Multicast DNS broadcasts.
Name=¶An instance name of the network service as defined in the section 4.1.1 of RFC 6763, e.g. "webserver".
The option supports simple specifier expansion. The following expansions are understood:
Table 1. Specifiers available
| Specifier | Meaning | Details |
|---|---|---|
"%a" | Architecture | A short string identifying the architecture of the local system. A string such as x86, x86-64 or arm64. See the architectures defined for ConditionArchitecture= in systemd.unit(5) for a full list. |
"%A" | Operating system image version | The operating system image version identifier of the running system, as read from the IMAGE_VERSION= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%b" | Boot ID | The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See random(4) for more information. |
"%B" | Operating system build ID | The operating system build identifier of the running system, as read from the BUILD_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%H" | Host name | The hostname of the running system. |
"%m" | Machine ID | The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See machine-id(5) for more information. |
"%M" | Operating system image identifier | The operating system image identifier of the running system, as read from the IMAGE_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%o" | Operating system ID | The operating system identifier of the running system, as read from the ID= field of /etc/os-release. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%v" | Kernel release | Identical to uname -r output. |
"%w" | Operating system version ID | The operating system version identifier of the running system, as read from the VERSION_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%W" | Operating system variant ID | The operating system variant identifier of the running system, as read from the VARIANT_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%%" | Single percent sign | Use "%%" in place of "%" to specify a single percent sign. |
Type=¶A type of the network service as defined in the section 4.1.2 of RFC 6763, e.g. "_http._tcp".
Port=¶An IP port number of the network service.
Priority=¶A priority number set in SRV resource records corresponding
to the network service.
Weight=¶A weight number set in SRV resource records corresponding
to the network service.
TxtText=¶A whitespace-separated list of arbitrary key/value pairs
conveying additional information about the named service in the corresponding TXT resource record,
e.g. "path=/portal/index.html". Keys and values can contain C-style escape
sequences which get translated upon reading configuration files.
This option together with TxtData= may be specified more than once, in which
case multiple TXT resource records will be created for the service. If the empty string is assigned to
this option, the list is reset and all prior assignments will have no effect.
TxtData=¶A whitespace-separated list of arbitrary key/value pairs
conveying additional information about the named service in the corresponding TXT resource record
where values are base64-encoded string representing any binary data,
e.g. "data=YW55IGJpbmFyeSBkYXRhCg==". Keys can contain C-style escape
sequences which get translated upon reading configuration files.
This option together with TxtText= may be specified more than once, in which
case multiple TXT resource records will be created for the service. If the empty string is assigned to
this option, the list is reset and all prior assignments will have no effect.
Example 1. HTTP service
# /etc/systemd/dnssd/http.dnssd [Service] Name=%H Type=_http._tcp Port=80 TxtText=path=/stats/index.html t=temperature_sensor
This makes the http server running on the host discoverable in the local network given MulticastDNS is enabled on the network interface.
Now the utility "resolvectl" should be able to resolve the
service to the host's name:
$ resolvectl service meteo._http._tcp.local
meteo._http._tcp.local: meteo.local:80 [priority=0, weight=0]
169.254.208.106%senp0s21f0u2u4
fe80::213:3bff:fe49:8aa%senp0s21f0u2u4
path=/stats/index.html
t=temperature_sensor
(meteo/_http._tcp/local)
-- Information acquired via protocol mDNS/IPv6 in 4.0ms.
-- Data is authenticated: yes"Avahi" running on a different host in the same local network should see the service as well:
$ avahi-browse -a -r + enp3s0 IPv6 meteo Web Site local + enp3s0 IPv4 meteo Web Site local = enp3s0 IPv6 meteo Web Site local hostname = [meteo.local] address = [fe80::213:3bff:fe49:8aa] port = [80] txt = ["path=/stats/index.html" "t=temperature_sensor"] = enp3s0 IPv4 meteo Web Site local hostname = [meteo.local] address = [169.254.208.106] port = [80] txt = ["path=/stats/index.html" "t=temperature_sensor"]