sysupdate.d — Transfer Definition Files for Automatic Updates
/etc/sysupdate.d/*.transfer |
/run/sysupdate.d/*.transfer |
/usr/local/lib/sysupdate.d/*.transfer |
/usr/lib/sysupdate.d/*.transfer |
These files describe how specific resources on the local system shall be updated from a remote source. Each such file defines one such transfer: typically a remote HTTP/HTTPS resource as source; and a local file, directory or partition as target. This may be used as a simple, automatic, atomic update mechanism for the OS itself, for containers, portable services or system extension images — but in fact may be used to update any kind of file from a remote source.
The systemd-sysupdate(8) command reads these files and uses them to determine which local resources should be updated, and then executes the update.
Both the remote HTTP/HTTPS source and the local target typically exist in multiple, concurrent versions, in order to implement flexible update schemes, e.g. A/B updating (or a superset thereof, e.g. A/B/C, A/B/C/D, …).
Each *.transfer file defines one transfer, i.e. describes one resource to
update.
Typically, multiple of these files (i.e. multiple of such transfers) are defined together, and
are bound together by a common version identifier in order to update multiple resources at once on each
update operation, for example to update a kernel, a root file system and a Verity partition in a single,
combined, synchronized operation, so that only a combined update of all three together constitutes a
complete update.
We'll call such a collection of transfers a target.
systemd-sysupdate always operates on a single target.
Transfers may be grouped together into sets that can be individually enabled or disabled by the system administrator, called "Optional Features": sysupdate.features(5).
Each *.transfer file contains three sections: [Transfer], [Source] and [Target].
Disk-image based OS updates typically consist of multiple different resources that need to be updated together, for example a secure OS update might consist of a root file system image to drop into a partition, a matching Verity integrity data partition image, and a kernel image prepared to boot into the combination of the two partitions. The first two resources are files that are downloaded and placed in a disk partition, the latter is a file that is downloaded and placed in a regular file in the boot file system (e.g. EFI system partition). Hence, during an update of a hypothetical operating system "foobarOS" to a hypothetical version 47 the following operations should take place:
A file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.root.xz" should be
downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously unused partition with GPT partition type UUID
4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709 for x86-64, as per Discoverable Partitions
Specification.
Similarly, a file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.verity.xz"
should be downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously empty partition with GPT partition type
UUID of 2c7357ed-ebd2-46d9-aec1-23d437ec2bf5 (i.e. the partition type for Verity integrity information
for x86-64 root file systems).
Finally, a file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.efi.xz" (a
unified kernel, as per Boot Loader
Specification Type #2) should be downloaded, decompressed and written to the $BOOT file system,
i.e. to EFI/Linux/foobarOS_47.efi in the ESP or XBOOTLDR partition.
The version-independent generalization of this would be (using the special marker
"@v" as wildcard for the version identifier):
A transfer of a file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.root.xz"
→ a local, previously empty GPT partition of type 4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709, with the label to
be set to "foobarOS_@v".
A transfer of a file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.verity.xz"
→ a local, previously empty GPT partition of type 2c7357ed-ebd2-46d9-aec1-23d437ec2bf5, with the label to be
set to "foobarOS_@v_verity".
A transfer of a file "https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.efi.xz"
→ a local file $BOOT/EFI/Linux/foobarOS_@v.efi.
An update can only complete if the relevant URLs provide their resources for the same version,
i.e. for the same value of "@v".
The above may be translated into three *.transfer files in
sysupdate.d/, one for each resource to transfer. The *.transfer
files configure the type of download, and what place to write the download to (i.e. whether to a
partition or a file in the file system). Most importantly these files contain the URL, partition name and
filename patterns shown above that describe how these resources are called on the source and how they
shall be called on the target.
In order to enumerate available versions and figuring out candidates to update to, a mechanism is necessary to list suitable files:
For partitions: the surrounding GPT partition table contains a list of defined partitions, including a partition type UUID and a partition label (in this scheme the partition label plays a role for the partition similar to the filename for a regular file).
For regular files: the directory listing of the directory the files are contained in provides a list of existing files in a straightforward way.
For HTTP/HTTPS sources a simple scheme is used: a manifest file
SHA256SUMS, following the format defined by sha256sum(1),
lists file names and their SHA256 hashes.
Transfers are done in the alphabetical order of the .transfer file names they are
defined in. First, the resource data is downloaded directly into a target file/directory/partition. Once
this is completed for all defined transfers, in a second step the files/directories/partitions are
renamed to their final names as defined by the target MatchPattern=, again in the
order the .transfer transfer file names dictate. This step is not atomic, however it is
guaranteed to be executed strictly in order with suitable disk synchronization in place. Typically, when
updating an OS one of the transfers defines the entry point when booting. Thus it is generally a good idea
to order the resources via the transfer configuration file names so that the entry point is written
last, ensuring that any abnormal termination does not leave an entry point around whose backing is not
established yet. In the example above it would hence make sense to establish the EFI kernel image last
and thus give its transfer configuration file the alphabetically last name.
See below for an extended, more specific example based on the above.
Each transfer file defines one source resource to transfer to one target resource. The following resource types are supported:
Resources of type "url-file" encapsulate a file on a web server,
referenced via a HTTP or HTTPS URL. When an update takes place, the file is downloaded and decompressed
and then written to the target file or partition. This resource type is only available for sources, not
for targets. The list of available versions of resources of this type is encoded in
SHA256SUMS manifest files, accompanied by
SHA256SUMS.gpg detached signatures.
The "url-tar" resource type is similar, but the file must be a
.tar archive. When an update takes place, the file is decompressed and unpacked
into a directory or btrfs subvolume. This resource type is only available for sources, not for
targets. Just like "url-file", "url-tar" version enumeration makes
use of SHA256SUMS files, authenticated via
SHA256SUMS.gpg.
The "regular-file" resource type encapsulates a local regular file on
disk. During updates the file is uncompressed and written to the target file or partition. This
resource type is available both as source and as target. When updating no integrity or authentication
verification is done for resources of this type.
The "partition" resource type is similar to
"regular-file", and encapsulates a GPT partition on disk. When updating, the partition
must exist already, and have the correct GPT partition type. A partition whose GPT partition label is
set to "_empty" is considered empty, and a candidate to place a newly downloaded
resource in. The GPT partition label is used to store version information, once a partition is
updated. This resource type is only available for target resources.
The "tar" resource type encapsulates local .tar
archive files. When an update takes place, the files are uncompressed and unpacked into a target
directory or btrfs subvolume. Behaviour of "tar" and "url-tar" is
generally similar, but the latter downloads from remote sources, and does integrity and authentication
checks while the former does not. The "tar" resource type is only available for source
resources.
The "directory" resource type encapsulates local directory trees. This
type is available both for source and target resources. If an update takes place on a source resource
of this type, a recursive copy of the directory is done.
The "subvolume" resource type is identical to
"directory", except when used as the target, in which case the file tree is placed in
a btrfs subvolume instead of a plain directory, if the backing file system supports it (i.e. is
btrfs).
As already indicated, only a subset of source and target resource type combinations are supported:
Table 1. Resource Types
| Identifier | Description | Usable as Source | When Used as Source: Compatible Targets | When Used as Source: Integrity + Authentication | When Used as Source: Decompression | Usable as Target | When Used as Target: Compatible Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
url-file | HTTP/HTTPS files | yes | regular-file, partition | yes | yes | no | - |
url-tar | HTTP/HTTPS .tar archives | yes | directory, subvolume | yes | yes | no | - |
regular-file | Local files | yes | regular-file, partition | no | yes | yes | url-file, regular-file |
partition | Local GPT partitions | no | - | - | - | yes | url-file, regular-file |
tar | Local .tar archives | yes | directory, subvolume | no | yes | no | - |
directory | Local directories | yes | directory, subvolume | no | no | yes | url-tar, tar, directory, subvolume |
subvolume | Local btrfs subvolumes | yes | directory, subvolume | no | no | yes | url-tar, tar, directory, subvolume |
Both the source and target resources typically exist in multiple versions concurrently. An update
operation is done whenever the newest of the source versions is newer than the newest of the target
versions. To determine the newest version of the resources a directory listing, partition listing or
manifest listing is used, a subset of qualifying entries selected from that, and the version identifier
extracted from the file names or partition labels of these selected entries. Subset selection and
extraction of the version identifier (plus potentially other metadata) is done via match patterns,
configured in MatchPattern= in the [Source] and [Target] sections. These patterns are
strings that describe how files or partitions are named, with named wildcards for specific fields such as
the version identifier. The following wildcards are defined:
Table 2. Match Pattern Wildcards
| Wildcard | Description | Format | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
"@v" | Version identifier | Valid version string | Mandatory |
"@u" | GPT partition UUID | Valid 128-Bit UUID string | Only relevant if target resource type chosen as partition |
"@f" | GPT partition flags | Formatted hexadecimal integer | Only relevant if target resource type chosen as partition |
"@a" | GPT partition flag NoAuto | Either "0" or "1" | Controls NoAuto bit of the GPT partition flags, as per Discoverable Partitions Specification; only relevant if target resource type chosen as partition |
"@g" | GPT partition flag GrowFileSystem | Either "0" or "1" | Controls GrowFileSystem bit of the GPT partition flags, as per Discoverable Partitions Specification; only relevant if target resource type chosen as partition |
"@r" | Read-only flag | Either "0" or "1" | Controls ReadOnly bit of the GPT partition flags, as per Discoverable Partitions Specification and other output read-only flags, see ReadOnly= below |
"@t" | File modification time | Formatted decimal integer, μs since UNIX epoch Jan 1st 1970 | Only relevant if target resource type chosen as regular-file |
"@m" | File access mode | Formatted octal integer, in UNIX fashion | Only relevant if target resource type chosen as regular-file |
"@s" | File size after decompression | Formatted decimal integer | Useful for measuring progress and to improve partition allocation logic |
"@d" | Tries done | Formatted decimal integer | Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per Automatic Boot Assessment |
"@l" | Tries left | Formatted decimal integer | Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per Automatic Boot Assessment |
"@h" | SHA256 hash of compressed file | 64 hexadecimal characters | The SHA256 hash of the compressed file; not useful for url-file or url-tar where the SHA256 hash is already included in the manifest file anyway |
Of these wildcards only "@v" must be present in a valid pattern, all other
wildcards are optional. Each wildcard may be used at most once in each pattern. A typical wildcard
matching a file system source image could be "MatchPattern=foobar_@v.raw.xz", i.e. any file
whose name begins with "foobar_", followed by a version ID and suffixed by
".raw.xz".
Do not confuse the "@" pattern matching wildcard prefix with the
"%" specifier expansion prefix. The former encapsulate a variable part of a match
pattern string, the latter are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in files are
parsed. For details about specifiers, see below.
This section defines general properties of this transfer.
MinVersion=¶Specifies the minimum version to require for this transfer to take place. If the source or target patterns in this transfer definition match files older than this version they will be considered obsolete, and never be considered for the update operation.
ProtectVersion=¶Takes one or more version strings to mark as "protected". Protected versions are never removed while making room for new, updated versions. This is useful to ensure that the currently booted OS version (or auxiliary resources associated with it) is not replaced/overwritten during updates, in order to avoid runtime file system corruptions.
Like many of the settings in these configuration files this setting supports specifier
expansion. It's particularly useful to set this setting to one of the "%A",
"%B" or "%w" specifiers to automatically refer to the current OS
version of the running system. See below for details on supported specifiers.
Verify=¶Takes a boolean, defaults to yes. Controls whether to cryptographically verify
downloaded resources (specifically: validate the GPG signatures for downloaded
SHA256SUMS manifest files, via their detached signature files
SHA256SUMS.gpg in combination with the system keyring
/usr/lib/systemd/import-pubring.gpg or
/etc/systemd/import-pubring.gpg).
This option is essential to provide integrity guarantees for downloaded resources and thus should be left enabled, outside of test environments.
Note that the downloaded payload files are unconditionally checked against the SHA256 hashes listed in the manifest. This option only controls whether the signatures of these manifests are verified.
This option only has an effect if the source resource type is selected as
url-file or url-tar, as integrity and authentication
checking is only available for transfers from remote sources.
ChangeLog=¶Optionally takes a human-presentable URL to a website containing a change-log of the resource being updated.
This may be set multiple times in a single transfer definition. If set multiple times, the values are gathered into a list of URLs. Adding a value of the empty string will clear the existing list of all values.
This setting supports specifier expansion. See below for details on supported
specifiers. This setting will also expand the "@v" wildcard pattern. See above
for details.
AppStream=¶Optionally takes a URL to an AppStream catalog XML file. This may be used by software centers (such as GNOME Software or KDE Discover) to present rich metadata about the resources being updated. This includes display names, changelogs, icons, and more. The specified catalog must include special metadata to be correctly associated with systemd-sysupdate by the software centers.
This setting supports specifier expansion. See below for details on supported specifiers.
Features=¶A space-separated list of
sysupdate.features(5)
that this transfer belongs to, by name.
This option may be specified more than once, in which case the specified list of features is merged.
If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list is reset and all prior assignments will have
no effect.
For example: "Features=foo bar" specifies that the transfer belongs to
"foo.feature" and "bar.feature".
If the list of features is empty, then this transfer is always used. If this transfer belongs to more than one feature, then it will be used if any one of the listed features is enabled. A name that does not correspond to a defined feature will resolve to an implicit feature that is always disabled.
RequisiteFeatures=¶This is like Features=, except that all
features listed here must be enabled for this transfer to be enabled.
If both options are specified, then they both apply: the transfer will be enabled only if all
features specified here are enabled, and at least one feature listed in Features=
is enabled.
This section defines properties of the transfer source.
Type=¶Specifies the resource type of the source for the transfer. Takes one of
url-file, url-tar, tar,
regular-file, directory or
subvolume. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
mandatory.
Note that only certain combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see above.
Path=¶Specifies where to find source versions of this resource.
If the source type is selected as url-file or
url-tar this must be a HTTP/HTTPS URL. The URL is suffixed with
/SHA256SUMS to acquire the manifest file, with
/SHA256SUMS.gpg to acquire the detached signature file for it, and with the file
names listed in the manifest file in case an update is executed and a resource shall be
downloaded.
For all other source resource types this must be a local path in the file system, referring to a local directory to find the versions of this resource in.
MatchPattern=¶Specifies one or more file name match patterns that select the subset of files that are update candidates as source for this transfer. See above for details on match patterns.
This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the "@v"
wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
optional.
If the source type is regular-file or directory, the
pattern may contain slash characters. In this case it will match the file or directory in
corresponding subdirectory. For example "MatchPattern=foo_@v/bar.efi" will match
"bar.efi" in directory "foo_1".
This section defines properties of the transfer target.
Type=¶Specifies the resource type of the target for the transfer. Takes one of
partition, regular-file, directory or
subvolume. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
mandatory.
Note that only certain combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see above.
Path=¶Specifies a file system path where to look for already installed versions or place
newly downloaded versions of this configured resource. If Type= is set to
partition, expects a path to a (whole) block device node, or the special string
"auto" in which case the block device which contains the root file system of the
currently booted system is automatically determined and used. If Type= is set to
regular-file, directory or subvolume,
must refer to a path in the local file system referencing the directory to find or place the version
files or directories under.
Note that this mechanism cannot be used to create or remove partitions, in case
Type= is set to partition. Partitions must exist already, and
a special partition label "_empty" is used to indicate empty partitions. To
automatically generate suitable partitions on first boot, use a tool such as
systemd-repart(8).
PathRelativeTo=¶Specifies what anchor point Path= should be relative to. Takes one
of root, esp, xbootldr,
boot or directory. If unspecified, defaults to
root.
If set to root, esp, xbootldr,
the specified Path= will be resolved relative to the mount point of the
corresponding partition, as defined by the
Boot Loader
Specification.
If set to boot, the specified Path= will be resolved
relative to the mount point of the $BOOT partition (i.e. the ESP or XBOOTLDR), as defined by the
Boot Loader
Specification.
If set to explicit, the specified Path= will be
resolved relative to the directory specified with --transfer-source= when invoking
systemd-sysupdate.
The values esp, xbootldr, and
boot are only supported when Type= is set to
regular-file or directory.
MatchPattern=¶Specifies one or more file name or partition label match patterns that select the subset of files or partitions that are update candidates as targets for this transfer. See above for details on match patterns.
This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the "@v"
wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
optional.
This pattern is both used for matching existing installed versions and for determining the name of new versions to install. If multiple patterns are specified, the first specified is used for naming newly installed versions.
If the target type is regular-file or directory, the
pattern may contain slash characters. In this case it will match the file or directory in
corresponding subdirectory. For example "MatchPattern=foo_@v/bar.efi" will match
"bar.efi" in directory "foo_1". Directories in the path will be
created when file is installed. Empty directories will be removed when file is removed.
MatchPartitionType=¶When the target Type= is chosen as partition,
specifies the GPT partition type to look for. Only partitions of this type are considered, all other
partitions are ignored. If not specified, the GPT partition type linux-generic
is used. Accepts either a literal type UUID or a symbolic type identifier. For a list of supported
type identifiers, see the Type= setting in
repart.d(5).
PartitionUUID=, PartitionFlags=, PartitionNoAuto=, PartitionGrowFileSystem=¶When the target Type= is picked as partition,
selects the GPT partition UUID and partition flags to use for the updated partition. Expects a valid
UUID string, a hexadecimal integer, or booleans, respectively. If not set, but the source match
pattern includes wildcards for these fields (i.e. "@u", "@f",
"@a", or "@g"), the values from the patterns are used. If neither
configured with wildcards or these explicit settings, the values are left untouched. If both the
overall PartitionFlags= flags setting and the individual flag settings
PartitionNoAuto= and PartitionGrowFileSystem= are used (or the
wildcards for them), then the latter override the former, i.e. the individual flag bit overrides the
overall flags value. See Discoverable
Partitions Specification for details about these flags.
Note that these settings are not used for matching, they only have effect on newly written partitions in case a transfer takes place.
ReadOnly=¶Controls whether to mark the resulting file, subvolume or partition read-only. If the
target type is partition this controls the ReadOnly partition flag, as per
Discoverable Partitions
Specification, similar to the PartitionNoAuto= and
PartitionGrowFileSystem= flags described above. If the target type is
regular-file, the writable bit is removed from the access mode. If the
target type is subvolume, the subvolume will be marked read-only as a
whole. Finally, if the target Type= is selected as directory,
the "immutable" file attribute is set, see chattr(1) for
details.
Mode=¶The UNIX file access mode to use for newly created files in case the target resource
type is picked as regular-file. Expects an octal integer, in typical UNIX
fashion. If not set, but the source match pattern includes a wildcard for this field
(i.e. "@t"), the value from the pattern is used.
Note that this setting is not used for matching, it only has an effect on newly written files when a transfer takes place.
TriesDone=, TriesLeft=¶These options take positive, decimal integers, and control the number of attempts
done and left for this file. These settings are useful for managing kernel images, following the
scheme defined in Automatic Boot
Assessment, and only have an effect if the target pattern includes the "@d"
or "@l" wildcards.
InstancesMax=¶Takes a decimal integer equal to or greater than 2. This configures how many concurrent
versions of the resource to keep. Whenever a new update is initiated it is made sure that no more
than the number of versions specified here minus one exist in the target. Any excess versions are
deleted (in case the target Type= of regular-file,
directory, subvolume is used) or emptied (in case the
target Type= of partition is used; emptying in this case
simply means to set the partition label to the special string "_empty"; note that no
partitions are actually removed). After an update is completed the number of concurrent versions of
the target resources is equal to or below the number specified here.
Note that this setting may be set differently for each transfer. However, it generally is advisable to keep this setting the same for all transfers, since otherwise incomplete combinations of files or partitions will be left installed.
If the target Type= is selected as partition, the number
of concurrent versions to keep is additionally restricted by the number of partition slots of the
right type in the partition table. I.e. if there are only 2 partition slots for the selected
partition type, setting this value larger than 2 is without effect, since no more than 2 concurrent
versions could be stored in the image anyway.
RemoveTemporary=¶Takes a boolean argument. If this option is enabled (which is the default) before
initiating an update, all left-over, incomplete updates from a previous attempt are removed from the
target directory. This only has an effect if the target resource Type= is selected
as regular-file, directory or
subvolume.
CurrentSymlink=¶Takes a symlink name as argument. If this option is used, as the last step of the
update a symlink under the specified name is created/updated pointing to the completed update. This
is useful in to provide a stable name always pointing to the newest version of the resource. This is
only supported if the target resource Type= is selected as
regular-file, directory or
subvolume.
Specifiers may be used in the MinVersion=, ProtectVersion=,
Path=, MatchPattern= and CurrentSymlink=
settings. The following expansions are understood:
Table 3. Specifiers available
| Specifier | Meaning | Details |
|---|---|---|
"%a" | Architecture | A short string identifying the architecture of the local system. A string such as x86, x86-64 or arm64. See the architectures defined for ConditionArchitecture= in systemd.unit(5) for a full list. |
"%A" | Operating system image version | The operating system image version identifier of the running system, as read from the IMAGE_VERSION= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%b" | Boot ID | The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See random(4) for more information. |
"%B" | Operating system build ID | The operating system build identifier of the running system, as read from the BUILD_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%H" | Host name | The hostname of the running system. |
"%l" | Short host name | The hostname of the running system, truncated at the first dot to remove any domain component. |
"%m" | Machine ID | The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See machine-id(5) for more information. |
"%M" | Operating system image identifier | The operating system image identifier of the running system, as read from the IMAGE_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%o" | Operating system ID | The operating system identifier of the running system, as read from the ID= field of /etc/os-release. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%v" | Kernel release | Identical to uname -r output. |
"%w" | Operating system version ID | The operating system version identifier of the running system, as read from the VERSION_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%W" | Operating system variant ID | The operating system variant identifier of the running system, as read from the VARIANT_ID= field of /etc/os-release. If not set, resolves to an empty string. See os-release(5) for more information. |
"%T" | Directory for temporary files | This is either /tmp or the path "$TMPDIR", "$TEMP" or "$TMP" are set to. (Note that the directory may be specified without a trailing slash.) |
"%V" | Directory for larger and persistent temporary files | This is either /var/tmp or the path "$TMPDIR", "$TEMP" or "$TMP" are set to. (Note that the directory may be specified without a trailing slash.) |
"%%" | Single percent sign | Use "%%" in place of "%" to specify a single percent sign. |
Do not confuse the "%" specifier expansion prefix with the "@"
pattern matching wildcard prefix. The former are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in
files are parsed, the latter encapsulate a variable part of a match pattern string. For details about
pattern matching wildcards, see above.
Example 1. Updates for a Verity Enabled Secure OS
With the following three files we define a root file system partition, a matching Verity partition, and a unified kernel image to update as one. This example is an extension of the example discussed earlier in this man page.
# /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/50-verity.transfer [Transfer] ProtectVersion=%A [Source] Type=url-file Path=https://download.example.com/ MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz [Target] Type=partition Path=auto MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_verity MatchPartitionType=root-verity PartitionFlags=0 ReadOnly=1
The above defines the update mechanism for the Verity partition of the root file system. Verity
partition images are downloaded from
"https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz" and written to a suitable
local partition, which is marked read-only. Under the assumption this update is run from the image
itself the current image version (i.e. the "%A" specifier) is marked as protected, to
ensure it is not corrupted while booted. Note that the partition UUID for the target partition is
encoded in the source file name. Fixating the partition UUID can be useful to ensure that
"roothash=" on the kernel command line is sufficient to pinpoint both the Verity and
root file system partition, and also encode the Verity root level hash (under the assumption the UUID
in the file names match their top-level hash, the way
systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8)
suggests).
# /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/60-root.transfer [Transfer] ProtectVersion=%A [Source] Type=url-file Path=https://download.example.com/ MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.root.xz [Target] Type=partition Path=auto MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v MatchPartitionType=root PartitionFlags=0 ReadOnly=1
The above defines a matching transfer definition for the root file system.
# /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/70-kernel.transfer
[Transfer]
ProtectVersion=%A
[Source]
Type=url-file
Path=https://download.example.com/
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v.efi.xz
[Target]
Type=regular-file
Path=/EFI/Linux
PathRelativeTo=boot
MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v+@l-@d.efi \
foobarOS_@v+@l.efi \
foobarOS_@v.efi
Mode=0444
TriesLeft=3
TriesDone=0
InstancesMax=2The above installs a unified kernel image into the $BOOT partition, as per Boot Loader Specification Type #2. This defines three possible patterns for the names of the kernel images, as per Automatic Boot Assessment, and ensures when installing new kernels, they are set up with 3 tries left. No more than two parallel kernels are kept.
With this setup the web server would serve the following files, for a hypothetical version 7 of the OS:
SHA256SUMS – The manifest file, containing available files and their SHA256 hashes
SHA256SUMS.gpg – The detached cryptographic signature for the manifest file
foobarOS_7_8b8186b1-2b4e-4eb6-ad39-8d4d18d2a8fb.verity.xz – The Verity image for version 7
foobarOS_7_f4d1234f-3ebf-47c4-b31d-4052982f9a2f.root.xz – The root file system image for version 7
foobarOS_7_efi.xz – The unified kernel image for version 7
For each new OS release a new set of the latter three files would be added, each time with an
updated version. The SHA256SUMS manifest should then be updated accordingly,
listing all files for all versions that shall be offered for download.
Example 2. Updates for Plain Directory Container Image
[Source] Type=url-tar Path=https://download.example.com/ MatchPattern=myContainer_@v.tar.gz [Target] Type=subvolume Path=/var/lib/machines MatchPattern=myContainer_@v CurrentSymlink=myContainer
On updates this downloads "https://download.example.com/myContainer_@v.tar.gz"
and decompresses/unpacks it to /var/lib/machines/myContainer_@v. After each update
a symlink /var/lib/machines/myContainer is created/updated always pointing to the
most recent update.