org.freedesktop.import1 — The D-Bus interface of systemd-importd
systemd-importd.service(8) is a system service which may be used to import, export and download disk images. These images can be used by tools such as systemd-nspawn(1) to run local containers. The service is used as the backend for importctl pull-raw, importctl pull-tar and related commands. This page describes the D-Bus interface.
Note that systemd-importd.service(8) is mostly a small companion service for systemd-machined.service(8). Many operations to manipulate local container and VM images are hence available via the systemd-machined D-Bus API, c.f. org.freedesktop.machine1(5).
The service exposes the following interfaces on the Manager object on the bus:
node /org/freedesktop/import1 {
interface org.freedesktop.import1.Manager {
methods:
ImportTar(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in b force,
in b read_only,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ImportTarEx(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in s class,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ImportRaw(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in b force,
in b read_only,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ImportRawEx(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in s class,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ImportFileSystem(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in b force,
in b read_only,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ImportFileSystemEx(in h fd,
in s local_name,
in s class,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ExportTar(in s local_name,
in h fd,
in s format,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ExportTarEx(in s local_name,
in s class,
in h fd,
in s format,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ExportRaw(in s local_name,
in h fd,
in s format,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ExportRawEx(in s local_name,
in s class,
in h fd,
in s format,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
PullTar(in s url,
in s local_name,
in s verify_mode,
in b force,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
PullTarEx(in s url,
in s local_name,
in s class,
in s verify_mode,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
PullRaw(in s url,
in s local_name,
in s verify_mode,
in b force,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
PullRawEx(in s url,
in s local_name,
in s class,
in s verify_mode,
in t flags,
out u transfer_id,
out o transfer_path);
ListTransfers(out a(usssdo) transfers);
ListTransfersEx(in s class,
in t flags,
out a(ussssdo) transfers);
CancelTransfer(in u transfer_id);
ListImages(in s class,
in t flags,
out a(ssssbtttttt) images);
signals:
TransferNew(u transfer_id,
o transfer_path);
TransferRemoved(u transfer_id,
o transfer_path,
s result);
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
ImportTar()/ImportTarEx() and
ImportRaw()/ImportRawEx() import a disk image and place it
into the image directory. The first argument should be a file descriptor (opened for reading) referring
to the tar or raw file to import. It should reference a file on disk, a pipe or a socket. When
ImportTar()/ImportTarEx() is used the file descriptor should
refer to a tar file, optionally compressed with gzip(1),
bzip2(1), or
xz(1).
systemd-importd will detect the used compression scheme (if any) automatically. When
ImportRaw()/ImportRawEx() is used the file descriptor should
refer to a raw or qcow2 disk image containing an MBR or GPT disk label, also optionally compressed with
gzip, bzip2 or xz. In either case, if the file is specified as a file descriptor on disk, progress
information is generated for the import operation (as in that case we know the total size on disk). If
a socket or pipe is specified, progress information is not available. The file descriptor argument is
followed by a local name for the image. This should be a name suitable as a hostname and will be used
to name the imported image below /var/lib/machines/. A tar import is placed as a
directory tree or a btrfs(8)
subvolume below the image directory under the specified name with no suffix appended. A raw import is
placed as a file in the image directory with the .raw suffix appended. In case of
ImportTar()/ImportRaw(), if the force
argument is true, any pre-existing image with the same name is removed before starting the
operation. Otherwise, the operation fails if an image with the same name already exists. The
read_only argument controls whether to create a writable or read-only image. In case
of ImportTarEx()/ImportRawEx() these boolean flags are
provided via a 64bit flags parameter instead, with bit 0 mapping to the force
parameter, and bit 1 mapping to read_only. The class parameter
specifies the image class, and takes one of "machine", "portable",
"sysext", "confext". All four methods return immediately after
starting the import, with the import transfer ongoing. They return a pair of transfer identifier and
object path, which may be used to retrieve progress information about the transfer or to cancel it. The
transfer identifier is a simple numeric identifier, the object path references an
org.freedesktop.import1.Transfer object, see below. Listen for a
TransferRemoved() signal for the transfer ID in order to detect when a transfer is
complete. The returned transfer object is useful to determine the current progress or log output of the
ongoing import operation.
ExportTar()/ExportTarEx() and
ExportRaw()/ExportRaw() implement the reverse operation, and
may be used to export a system image in order to place it in a tar or raw image. They take the machine
name to export as their first parameter, followed by a file descriptor (opened for writing) where the
tar or raw file will be written. It may either reference a file on disk or a pipe/socket. The third
argument specifies in which compression format to write the image. It takes one of
"uncompressed", "xz", "bzip2" or
"gzip", depending on which compression scheme is required. The image written to the
specified file descriptor will be a tar file in case of
ExportTar()/ExportTarEx() or a raw disk image in case of
ExportRaw()/ExportRawEx(). Note that currently raw disk
images may not be exported as tar files, and vice versa. This restriction might be lifted
eventually. The method returns a transfer identifier and object path for cancelling or tracking the
export operation, similarly to ImportTar()/ImportTarEx() or
ImportRaw()/ImportRawEx() as described
above. ExportTarEx()/ExportRawEx() expect the image class as
additional parameter, as well as a 64bit flags parameter that currently must be specified as
zero.
PullTar()/PullTarEx() and
PullRaw()/PullRawEx() may be used to download, verify and
import a system image from a URL. They take a URL argument which should point to a tar or raw file on
the "http://" or "https://" protocols, possibly compressed with xz,
bzip2 or gzip. The second argument is a local name for the image. It should be suitable as a hostname,
similarly to the matching argument of the
ImportTar()/ImportTarEx() and
ImportRaw()/ImportRawEx() methods above. The third argument
indicates the verification mode for the image. It may be one of "no",
"checksum", "signature". "no" turns off any kind of
verification of the image; "checksum" looks for a SHA256SUM file
next to the downloaded image and verifies any SHA256 hash value in that file against the image;
"signature" does the same but also tries to authenticate the
SHA256SUM file via gpg(8) first. In
case of PullTar()/PullRaw() the last argument indicates
whether to replace a possibly pre-existing image with the same local name (if "true"),
or whether to fail (if "false"). In case of
PullTarEx()/PullRawEx() the last argument is a 64bit flags
parameter, where bit 0 controls the "force" flag, bit 1 is a
"read_only" flag that controls whether the created image shall be marked read-only,
and bit 2 is a "keep_download" flag that indicates whether a pristine, read-only copy
of the downloaded image shell be kept, in addition for the local copy of the image. The
…_Ex() variants also expect an image class string (as above). Like the import and
export calls above, these calls return a pair of transfer identifier and object path for the ongoing
download.
ImportFileSystem()/ImportFileSystemEx() are similar to
ImportTar()/ImportTarEx() but import a directory tree. The
first argument must refer to a directory file descriptor for the source hierarchy to import.
ListTransfers()/ListTransfersEx() return a list of
ongoing import, export or download operations as created with the six calls described above. They
return an array of structures which consist of the numeric transfer identifier, a string indicating the
operation (one of "import-tar", "import-raw",
"export-tar", "export-raw", "pull-tar" or
"pull-raw"), a string describing the remote file (in case of download operations this
is the source URL, in case of import/export operations this is a short string describing the file
descriptor passed in), a string with the local machine image name, the image class (only in case of
ListTransfersEx(); one of "machine", "portable",
"sysext", "confext"), a progress value between 0.0 (for 0%) and 1.0
(for 100%), as well as the transfer object path.
CancelTransfer() may be used to cancel an ongoing import, export or download
operation. Simply specify the transfer identifier to cancel the ongoing operation.
ListImages() returns a list of currently installed images. It takes a image
class string and a flags parameter. The image class is either the empty string or specifies one of the
four image classes, by which it will then filter. The flags parameter must be zero at this time. It
returns an array of items, each describing one image. The item fields are in order: the image class,
the local image name, the image type, the image path, the read-only flag, the creation and modification
times (in microseconds since the UNIX epoch), as well as the current disk usage in bytes (both overall,
and exclusive), as well as any size limit in bytes set on the image (both overall and
exclusive).
The TransferNew() signal is generated each time a new transfer is started with
the import, export or download calls described above. It carries the transfer ID and object path that
have just been created.
The TransferRemoved() signal is sent each time a transfer finishes,
is canceled or fails. It also carries the transfer ID and object path, followed by a string indicating
the result of the operation, which is one of "done" (on success),
"canceled" or "failed".
node /org/freedesktop/import1/transfer/_1 {
interface org.freedesktop.import1.Transfer {
methods:
Cancel();
signals:
LogMessage(u priority,
s line);
ProgressUpdate(d progress);
properties:
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly u Id = ...;
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Local = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Remote = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Type = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("const")
readonly s Verify = '...';
@org.freedesktop.DBus.Property.EmitsChangedSignal("false")
readonly d Progress = ...;
};
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable { ... };
interface org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties { ... };
};
The Cancel() method may be used to cancel the transfer. It takes no
parameters. This method is pretty much equivalent to the CancelTransfer() method
on the Manager interface (see above), but is exposed on the
Transfer object itself instead of taking a transfer ID.
The Id property exposes the numeric transfer ID of the transfer object.
The Local, Remote and Type properties
expose the local container name of this transfer, the remote source (in case of download: the URL, in
case of import/export: a string describing the file descriptor passed in), and the type of operation
(see the Manager's ListTransfer() method above for an explanation of the possible
values).
The Verify property exposes the selected verification setting and is only
defined for download operations (see above).
The Progress property exposes the current progress of the transfer as a value
between 0.0 and 1.0. To show a progress bar on screen we recommend to query this value in regular
intervals, for example every 500 ms or so.
The LogMessage() signal is emitted for log messages generated by a transfer. It
carries a pair of syslog log level integer and log string.
The ProgressUpdate() signal is emitted in regular intervals when new
download progress information is available for a transfer. It carries a double precision floating
pointer number between 0.0 and 1.0 indicating the transfer progress.
Example 1. Introspect org.freedesktop.import1.Manager on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system \ --dest org.freedesktop.import1 \ --object-path /org/freedesktop/import1
Example 2. Introspect org.freedesktop.import1.Transfer on the bus
$ gdbus introspect --system \ --dest org.freedesktop.import1 \ --object-path /org/freedesktop/import1/transfer/_1