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AppStream › Upstream Metadata › Operating System
ContentsContents
AppStream
  1. 1 About AppStream
  2. 2 Upstream Metadata
  3. 3 Catalog Metadata
  4. 4 Miscellaneous
  5. 5 Metadata Quickstart
  6. 6 Data Validation
  7. 7 Manual pages
      appstreamcli 2012-2024Matthias Klumpp AppStream 26 July,2012 appstreamcli1appstreamcliHandle AppStream metadata formats and query AppStream dataappstreamcliCOMMANDDescription This manual page documents briefly the appstreamcli command. appstreamcli is a small helper tool to work with AppStream metadata and access the AppStream component index from the command-line. The AppStream component index contains a list of all available software components for your distribution, matched to their package names. It is generated using AppStream XML or Debian DEP-11 data, which is provided by your distributor. For more information about the AppStream project and the other components which are part of it, take a look at the AppStream pages at Freedesktop.org. Optionsget IDGet a component from the metadata pool by its identifier.ssearch TERMSearch the AppStream component pool for a given search term.what-provides TYPE TERM Return components which provide a given item. An item type can be specified using the TYPE parameter, a value to search for has to be supplied using the TERM parameter. Examples: Get components which handle the "text/xml" mediatype. appstreamcli what-provides mediatype "text/xml" Get component which provides the "libfoo.so.2" library. appstreamcli what-provides lib libfoo.so.2 refreshrefresh-cache Trigger a database refresh, if necessary. In case you want to force the database to be rebuilt, supply the --force flag. This command must be executed with root permission.status Display various information about the installed metadata and the metadata cache. os-info Show information about the current operating system from the metadata index. This requires the operating system to provide a operating-system component for itself. dump ID Dump the complete XML descriptions of components with the given ID that were found in the metadata pool. validate FILES Validate AppStream XML metadata for compliance with the specification. Both XML metadata types, upstream and distro XML, are handled. The format type which should be validated is determined automatically. The --pedantic flag triggers a more pedantic validation of the file, including minor and style issues in the report. validate-tree DIRECTORY Validate AppStream XML metadata found in a file-tree. This performs a standard validation of all found metadata, but also checks for additional errors, like the presence of .desktop files and validity of other additional metadata. check-license LICENSE Test a license string or license expression for validity and display details about it. This will check whether the license string is considered to be valid for AppStream, and return a non-zero exit code if it is not. The command will also display useful information like the canonical ID of a license, whether it is suitable as license for AppStream metadata, and whether the license is considered to be for Free and Open Source software or proprietary software. AppStream will consider any license as Free and Open Source that is marked as suitable by either the Free Software Foundation (FSF), Open Source Initiative (OSI) or explicit license list of the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). install ID Install a software component by its ID using the package manager or Flatpak. This resolves the AppStream component ID to an installation candidate and then calls either the native package manager or Flatpak (if available) to install the component. remove ID Uninstall a software component by its ID using the package manager or Flatpak. This will uninstall software matching the selected ID using either the native package manager or Flatpak (if available). put FILE Install a metadata file into the right directory on the current machine. compare-versionsvercmp VER1 [CMP] VER2 Compare two version numbers. If two version numbers are given as parameters, the versions will be compared and the comparison result will be printed to stdout. If a version number, a comparison operator and another version number are passed in as parameter, the result of the comparison operation will be printed to stdout, and appstreamcli will exit with a non-zero exit status in case the comparison failed. The comparison operator can be one of the following: eq - Equal tone - Not equal tolt - Less thangt - Greater thanle - Less than or equal toge - Greater than or equal tonew-template TYPE FILE Create a metainfo file template to be used by software projects. The --from-desktop option can be used to use a .desktop file as template for generating the example file. The generated files contain example entries which need to be filed in with the actual desired values by the project author. The first TYPE parameter is the name of an AppStream component type. For a complete list check out the documentation or the help output of appstreamcli for this subcommand. make-desktop-file MI_FILE DESKTOP_FILE Create a XDG desktop-entry file from a metainfo file. If the desktop-entry file specified in DESKTOP_FILE already exists, it will get extended with the new information extracted from the metainfo file. Otherwise a new file will be created. This command will use the first binary mentioned in a provides tag of the component for the Exec= field of the new desktop-entry file. If this is not the desired behavior, the --exec flag can be used to explicitly define a binary to launch. Other methods of launching the application are currently not supported. In order to generate a proper desktop-entry, this command assumes that not only the minimally required tags for an AppStream component are set, but also that it has an <icon/> tag of type "stock" to describe the stock icon that should be used as well as a <categories/> tag containing the categories the application should be placed in. news-to-metainfo NEWS_FILE MI_FILE [OUT_FILE] This command converts a NEWS file as used by many open source projects into the XML used by AppStream. Since NEWS files are free text, a lot of heuristics will be applied to get reasonable results. The converter can also read a YAML version of the AppStream release description and convert it to XML as well. If the metainfo file MI_FILE already exists, it will be augmented with the new release entries, otherwise the release entries will be written without any wrapping component. If [OUT_FILE] is specified, instead of acting on MI_FILE the changed data will be written to the particular file. If any of the output filenames is set to "-", the output will instead be written to stdout. The --format option can be used to enforce reading the input file in a specific format ("text" or "yaml") in case the format autodetection fails. The --limit option is used to limit the amount of release entries written (the newest entries will always be first). metainfo-to-news MI_FILE NEWS_FILE This command reverses the news-to-metainfo command and writes a NEWS file as text or YAML using the XML contained in a metainfo file. If NEWS_FILE is set to "-", the resulting data will be written to stdout instead of to a file. The --format option can be used to explicitly specify the output format ("yaml" or "text"). If it is not set, appstreamcli will guess which format is most suitable. convert FILE1 FILE1 Converts AppStream XML metadata into its YAML representation and vice versa. compose Composes an AppStream metadata catalog from a directory tree with metainfo files. This command is only available if the org.freedesktop.appstream.compose component is installed. See appstreamcli-compose1 for more information. --detailsPrint out more information about a found component.--no-colorDon't print colored output.--no-netDo not access the network when validating metadata. The same effect can be achieved by setting the AS_VALIDATE_NONET environment variable before running appstreamcli. --versionDisplay the version number of appstreamcliSee Alsopkcon1.AUTHOR This manual page was written by Matthias Klumpp matthias@tenstral.net. appstreamcli compose 2020-2024Matthias Klumpp AppStream 28 Aug,2020 appstreamcli compose1appstreamcli-composeCompose AppStream metadata catalog from directory treesappstreamcli composeCOMMANDDescription This manual page documents briefly the appstreamcli compose command. The appstreamcli compose tool is used to construct AppStream metadata catalogs from directory trees. The tool will also perform many related metadata generation actions, like resizing icons and screenshots and merging in data from referenced desktop-entry files as well as translation status information. Therefore, the tool provides a fast way to test how the final processed metadata for an application that is shipped to users may look like. It also provides a way to easily generate AppStream data for projects which do not need a more complex data generator like appstream-generator. In order for the appstreamcli compose command to be available, you may need to install the optional compose module for appstreamcli first. For more information about the AppStream project and the other components which are part of it, take a look at the AppStream pages at Freedesktop.org. OptionsSOURCE-DIRECTORIES A list of directories to process needs to be provided as positional parameters. Data from all directories will be combined into one output namespace. --origin NAME Set the AppStream data origin identifier. This can be a value like "debian-unstable-main" or "flathub". --result-root DIR Sets the directory where all generated output that is deployed to a user's machine is exported to. If this parameter is not set and we only have one directory to process, we use that directory as default output path. If both --data-dir and --icons-dir are set, --result-root is not necessary and no data will be written to that directory. --data-dir DIR Override the directory where the generated AppStream metadata catalog will be written to. Data will be written directly to this directory, and no supdirectories will be created (unlike when using --result-root to set an output location). --icons-dir DIR Override the directory where the cached icons are exported to. --hints-dir DIR Set a directory where hints reported generated during metadata processing are saved to. If this parameter is not set, no HTML/YAML hint reports will be saved. --media-dir DIR If set, creates a directory with media content (icons, screenshots, ...) that can be served via a webserver. The metadata will be extended to include information about these remote media. --media-baseurl URL The URL under which the contents of a directory set via --media-dir will be served. This value must be set if a media directory is created. --prefix DIR Set the default prefix that is used in the processed directories. If none is set explicitly, /usr is assumed. --print-report MODE Print the issue hints report (that gets exported as HTML and YAML document when --hints-dir was set) to the console in text form. Various print modes are supported: on-error only prints a short report if the run failed (default), short generates an abridged report that is always printed and full results in a detailed report to be printed. --no-partial-urls If set, all URLs in the generated data will be absolute and media_baseurl will not be used. This makes changing the media mirror harder without regenerating all data and is generally not recommended, to increase flexibility. --icon-policy POLICY-STRING Override the existing icon policy with a custom one. The icon policy sets how icons of different sizes should be dealt with. They can be in the icon cache only, be a remote icon in the media location or be both cached and available in the remote location. The icon-policy string is comprised of comma-separated %{size}x%{size}@%{scale}=%{state} statements. The size and scale are that of the respective icon, with the scale being allowed to be omitted if it is 1. The state can be one of remote, cached or cached-remote. By default, a policy of 48x48=cached,48x48@2=cached,64x64=cached,64x64@2=cached,128x128=cached-remote,128x128@2=cached-remote is selected. --allow-custom CUSTOM-KEY-NAMES By default, all custom entries set in MetaInfo input data are removed. This flag allows one to whitelist custom keys to be propagated to the final catalog output data. The custom-key names should be provided as a comma-separated list. --components COMPONENT-IDs Set a comma-separated list of AppStream component IDs that should be considered for the generated metadata. All components that exist in the input data but are not mentioned in this list will be ignored for the generated output. --no-colorDon't print colored output.--verboseDisplay extra debugging information--versionDisplay the version number of appstreamcli composeSee Also appstreamcli1, appstream-generator1. AUTHOR This manual page was written by Matthias Klumpp matthias@tenstral.net.
  8. 8 AppStream API Reference
  9. Index
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2.16 Operating System

2.16.1 Introduction

The operating-system component type describes a whole operating system such as GNU/Linux distributions like Debian, Fedora, RHEL, etc. or Windows and macOS.

Operating systems can ship metainfo files in /usr/share/metainfo/%{id}.metainfo.xml.

2.16.2 Example file

An operating-system metainfo file can look like this: 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<component type="operating-system">
  <id>org.debian.debian</id>
  <name>Debian GNU/Linux</name>
  <summary>The universal operating system</summary>
  <description>
    <p>
      Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer.
      An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run.
    </p>
    ...
  </description>
  <url type="homepage">https://www.debian.org/</url>
  <metadata_license>FSFAP</metadata_license>
  <developer id="debian">
    <name>The Debian Project</name>
  </developer>
  ...

  <releases>
    <release version="10.0" type="development">
      <description>
        <p>The next release of Debian.</p>
      </description>
    </release>

    <release version="9.0" date="2017-07-17" date_eol="2020-07-17">
      <description>
        <p>Now contains the Linux kernel 4.9, GNOME 3.22, KDE Plasma 5, LibreOffice 5.2 and Qt 5.7. LXQt has been added.</p>
      </description>
    </release>
    ...
  </releases>
</component>

2.16.3 File specification

Note that the XML root must have the type property set to operating-system. This clearly identifies this metainfo document as describing an operating system.

<id/> 

For operating systems, the value of the <id/> tag must follow the reverse-DNS scheme as described for generic components. In order for AppStream consumers to determine which component is describing the operating system they are currently running on, on Linux distributions the component ID must follow the data provided in the operating system's /etc/os-release file. This means the reversed-DNS HOME_URL value from /etc/os-release (without any https/www parts) combined with the ID of the operating system will produce the operating system's component id.

E.g. if HOME_URL is https://www.debian.org/ and ID is debian, the resulting AppStream component-ID will be org.debian.debian.

<releases/> 

The <releases/> tag as described in <releases/> must be present and contain the individual releases of the operating system. It is also recommended to set the date_eol property on individual releases, to allow software to determine whether the current operating system release is still supported.

For a component of type operating-system, the following tags are required and must be present for a valid document: <id/>, <name/>, <summary/>, <metadata_license/>, <releases/>.

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